Oscar Browning

Guelphs and Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409

Read by Pamela Nagami


Oscar Browning



The High Middle Ages in Italy, 1250-1409, were a time of incessant strife between rival city-states, some the Ghibelline allies of the Holy …

The Age of the Condottieri: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1409-1530

Read by Pamela Nagami


Oscar Browning



Italy from 1409 to 1530 is synonymous with the Renaissance, but this was also the age of the condottieri, Italian captains of mercenary comp…

Modern England 1820-1885

Read by Pamela Nagami


Oscar Browning



This short survey opens with the accession of that portly spendthrift, King George IV. With British support, Greece becomes independent. The…